Worksheet:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dG2iHFh6s_Tbx6iqvHGjrA4kHi3N5OuX3qPdkUBR50Y/edit?tab=t.0
Genetic material: the hereditary substance in the cell, carries all information specific to an organism. Can be DNA or RNA
Cytosol: the liquid inside a cell, between the organelles (doesn’t include the organelles)
Ribosomes: a non-membrane-bound organelle involved in synthesis of proteins
Plasma Membrane: a membrane made up of two layers (known as a bilayer) of phospholipids that encloses the contents of a cell
Prokaryotic:
A prokaryote is a single-celled organism that is made up of prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells do not contain membrane-bound organelles
Examples of prokaryotic organisms are bacteria and archaea
Eukaryotic:
Eukaryotes can be single-celled or multicellular organisms, and are made up of eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles
Examples of eukaryotic organisms are protists, fungi, plants and animals
Nucleus:
Surrounded by a double-layered nuclear membrane
Responsible for controlling and coordinating cellular activities
Stores majority of the genetic code (DNA) for the cell
Mitochondrion:
Description:
Small, oval-shaped organelles.
Found scattered throughout the cytosol of a cell.
Mitochondria (plural) and mitochondrion (singular)
The number of mitochondria in a cell is related to the cell’s energy requirements
Function:
Sites of aerobic cellular respiration (i.e. energy transformation)
A series of chemical reactions in which glucose and oxygen react to produce carbon dioxide, water and heat energy
Chloroplasts:
Description:
Are oval shaped organelles containing green pigment called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is able to absorb light energy and make it available for use in photosynthesis
Function:
Site of photosynthesis, which converts carbon dioxide and water, with the assistance of light, to glucose and oxygen to fuel cellular activities
Animal cells do not have chloroplasts
Videos:
https://www.youtubeeducation.com/watch?v=00jbG_cfGuQ
https://www.youtubeeducation.com/watch?v=sQK3Yr4Sc_k
EXTENSION:
Cell Organelle / Structure
Function
Cell wall
Structurally strong outer layer, outside the cell membrane
Cytoskeleton
Provides structure and helps to control movement inside the cell
Vesicles
The pockets inside a cell. May contain “food” or waste or products the cell needs
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Transports important molecules like lipids (fats) and proteins in a cell
Rough ER
Contains ribosomes that synthesis (makes) proteins, modifies and transports them within the cell
Smooth ER
Synthesises (makes) lipids and transports them within the cell
Golgi Apparatus
Site of secondary manufacturing of proteins. Wraps them in a protective bubble for transport out of the cell
Giant vacuole
Very large, stores water and sugars and provides structure
Nucleus
Stores the cell's genetic information (DNA) and controls the cell's activities
Mitochondria:
Cristae:
The folds in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
They protrude into the mitochondrial matrix
The enzymes for cellular respiration are embedded in the cristae
Cristae folds provide a large surface area for cellular respiration chemical reactions to occur
Mitochondrial Matrix:
The protein filled fluid within the mitochondrion
Contains a double-stranded DNA molecule.
https://www.youtubeeducation.com/watch?v=i1dAnpSFbyI
Chlorplast:
Structure:
Have a double membrane enclosing them.
Possess a double stranded DNA molecule
Double membrane comprising grana (stacks of membrane discs called thylakoids) and stroma (fluid)
Grana contain chlorophyll
Function:
Light dependent reactions occur within the thylakoid membrane along an electron transport chain
Light independent reactions occur within the stroma of the chloroplast
Cell Diagram:
SLIDES: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1zLvpKwGOveyQ00FbkPH_QE5CTIAAmZdlWIn3nk5QRqg/edit?slide=id.g2670155b57f_0_5993#slide=id.g2670155b57f_0_5993
